This 2nd edition of Textbook of Ophthalmology is updated keeping in view the advancements in diagnostics and treatment. It is an essential book written to cater to the needs of MBBS students, those preparing for PG medical entrance, postgraduate residents, ophthalmic faculty, and practicing ophthalmologists. It covers all theoretical and practical aspects in ophthalmology. It employs gradual progression of content complexity, covering all required aspects of anatomy, physiology, clinicopathology of eye disorders, necessary investigations, and recommended latest management. Consisting of 28 chapters, the topics begin with anatomy and physiology of vision and further describe all the intraocular structures and their related disorders, intraocular tumors, and injuries. Separate chapters have been included for ocular manifestations in neurological and systemic disorders. The chapter on ocular symptomatology will be helpful to understand the clinical approach to eye diseases. The last chapter on community ophthalmology highlights the latest updates in the ?National Program for Control of Blindness & Visual Impairment? and tele-ophthalmology. Key Features: The text is as per the latest (September 2024) competency-based NMC curriculum. It is written in simple language with gradual progression of the content from basics of anatomy, physiology, and clinico-pathology to latest management of different disorders. Understanding and recollection of topics are made easier with algorithms, tables, and flow diagrams along with more than 300 clinical images and illustrations. Applied aspects have been highlighted in boxes. The Competency Mapping Chart is updated. Clinical vignettes are also added at the end of each chapter. A link of videos for various procedures as per the revised competency-based curriculum is also included. Sanjeev Kumar Mittal, MS, FICO (Japan), is Professor and Head, Department of Ophthalmology,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. He completed graduation and postgraduation from GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, and FICO from Gunma niversity, Japan. He has been trained at Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai and LV Prasad Eye Institute,Hyderabad. He has 32 years of experience as an ophthalmologist. He has been a professor of ophthalmology for the last 19 years, has authored 95 research publications, and has 12 research projects to his credit. He has been bestowed with several awards for community ophthalmology services. Teaching and training students and spreading eye health awareness are his passion. Raj Kumar Agarwal, MS, is a Consultant Ophthalmologist at Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. He ompleted his graduation and postgraduation from SN Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh. He as 34 years of experience in the field of ophthalmology. Clinical work and teaching have been his passion, particularly clinical work on glaucoma, squint, and neuro-ophthalmology.